Guiding Principles For Educational Reform

One reads a great deal concerning education reform nowadays. It might almost seem as if this were some new trend in education. Indeed, it is not. I have been an educator for over thirty years. My field of expertise is reading. After teaching in a regular elementary classroom for a couple of years, I completed a master’s degree in reading and learning disabilities. Except for a five year break to attend seminary and serve as a full time minister, I have been a teacher of elementary reading. In 1995, I completed a doctorate in reading/educational psychology. At that point, I began teaching reading methods in a college setting.

Over my thirty years of involvement in education, I have seen many, many reforms. Some have come from the right, others from the left. In the field of reading, when I began my teaching, basal reading programs were in, and we attempted to teach every skill known to humanity. Next, whole language gained quite a following. Next, an oldie, but a popular one, reappeared: phonics. Now we are emphasizing a balanced approached-I think that is likely a step in the right direction.

We can easily extend this discussion beyond the boundaries of reading. When I started attending elementary school in 1960, math was a “drill and kill” activity. The expectation was learning of the basic math facts and procedures whether you understood them or not. It is rather easy to see if you learned under this method. Just attempt to explain “conceptually” why 1/2 divided by 4 is 1/8, and why to arrive at that one must “invert and multiply.” I am surprised at how many cannot explain the multiplication and division of fractions at the conceptual level.

When I was about half way through my elementary school education, the so-called “new math” hit the educational world. I remember well spending most of my fourth-grade year (when it started in Kansas City) marking that 5 + 2 > 1 + 3. I liked this math. I was not too good at the old stuff, and I found this a breeze.

People become very opinionated about educational reform. I have seen many a battle over the issue of whole language vs. phonics. It seems like everyone gets involves. Classroom teachers form strong opinions. Politicians form strong opinions and include reform as part their political platform. They know education is a hot button issue with voters. One group that I watch with great diligence is the religious right. It seems as if they have turned such aspects of educational reform as phonics-based reading instruction and support for the No Child Left Behind Act into something resembling religious dogma. It seems to make little sense, turning reading methods into a religious or quasi-religions crusade, but that is what the leaders of the religious right seem committed to support (James Dobson, for example).

I reiterate: educational reform is not new. With that notion disposed of, I would like to suggest three principles of any lasting and useful educational reform. These are characteristics of reform supported over the long haul by much research and dictated by commonsense. I have arrived at these through observation of reform cycles that I have seen throughout my years of work as an educator.

First, education reform cannot be test-driven. Currently, the watchword is accountability. From this perspective, teachers are cagey, lazy actors who need to have their feet held to the fire to make them perform. I have observed thousands of teachers over the years, worked with thousands of pre-service teachers, and supervised well over a hundred student teachers. I must admit, one does rarely encounter a lazy, careless teacher, but it is unusual. The attempt to control teachers and student achievement by means of standardized tests is a misguided approach.

A recent study by the Educational Testing Service, makers of the SAT and nationally used teacher certification exams, revealed that there is much in student performance that cannot be controlled by schools. In fact, ETS discovered four variables: absenteeism, the percent of children living in single parent families, the amount of television kids watch, and how much preschoolers are read to daily by caregivers (especially parents) were very accurate predictors of reading test results used for No Child Left Behind reporting in eighth-grade. It seems that learning involves many variables (the four factors accounted for over two-thirds of the differences in aggregated state testing results). Home factors are things that schools and teachers cannot control.

Instead of testing and testing yet more, a better use of funding would be the improvement of conditions for parents and families. Funding Head Start results in a measurable increase in IQ scores for disadvantaged children. Why not continue to fund enriched environments for Head Start children when they leave the program and help retain ground already gained? Why not fund more “parents as first teachers” programs to go into the homes and teach parents how to help get their preschoolers ready for school? Why not spend more money eradicating poverty-especially since that seems to be the real issue?

Second, an effective reform program would insist on scope and sequence. By scope, I refer to the content taught, by sequence, I refer to when content is to be mastered. This was one of the downfalls of the whole language movement. It taught reading without any real coordination of materials, curriculum, or expectations for mastery in terms of when expected benchmarks should be met. Much more coordination of teaching needs to take place and curriculum guides and agreed upon content are essential.

At the same time, I am not implying that methodology needs to be completely standardized. There needs to be some general guidelines on how to go about doing things. Still, teaching is as much art as science. To address methodology too much turns teaching into a mechanical act, and we know that the relationship, or blending, of teacher and learner are all important concepts. What we need are standards and benchmarks without denying teachers the authority to make hundreds and thousands of critical decisions each day. What we need are flexible standards and flexible benchmarks.

Lastly, we need a new way of doing things. After all of the years of reform, after all the years of researching what works, an amazing trend is notable. Educational critic and researcher, John Goodlad, notes that the most common activity one observes in today’s elementary schools is seatwork (i.e. worksheets, quiet work from textbooks, etc). The most common activity noted in high schools is lectures. Both of these approaches are notoriously ineffective. Just consider lectures, for example, how often do you “zone out” during sermons? And, if you do attend, what keeps you “plugged in?”

We have lost the wisdom shared with us by John Dewey so many years ago and supported by study after study. Children learn best by doing. Kids need to make a classroom democracy, not just study government in their civics textbook. They need to come up with ways they can recycle and begin a neighborhood recycling program, not just read about pollution. Education needs to become real. The real is better than the contrived. As psychologist Jerome Bruner has pointed out, doing is better than seeing, and seeing is better than just reading or hearing about something. Probably the best approach combines all three methods.

Reforms come and go. However, on these three principles, we can arrive at a reform that will stand the test of time. All of us want our schools to improve. Isn’t it time to skip the political rhetoric of the right (including the religious right) and the left and do what is best for kids? Isn’t it about time?

Home Based Business Benefits That You Will Enjoy

People in corporate jobs are being let go after many faithful years of service due to downsizing and outsourcing. Companies are not in business to provide jobs. It is up to us as individuals to create our own financial safety nets.

Finding the home business plan or business start up idea that is right for you is a goal worth working toward. It will take time and effort but it will be worth it in the long run and you will enjoy your work life so much more than you ever did before. Best of all, you will sleep well at night knowing that you have control over your financial future.

It’s a great idea for stay at home moms, retirees, handicapped folks or anyone else who wants to control their financial situation. This also includes those of us who have been laid off by our former employers.

You don’t have to get up early and deal with traffic just to get to a job that you really don’t like. Many people are earning $50,000 and more a year working from the comfort of home.

A third of us are already working from home.

The number of home based businesses continues to grow rapidly, especially during recessions. Home based businesses have a higher chance of succeeding than those started elsewhere. It’s also much less expensive to start a business from home.

You don’t need any previous business experience. However, you do need to be excited about a particular idea and to be willing to invest your time to learn some new skills, and a little money to buy the tools that you need.

At home you’ll be able to set your own hours and be available when your family needs you. You’ll save money because you won’t have to pay for childcare, and you’ll enjoy the best commute ever!

There are many legitimate tax deductions available to home based business owners that could save you thousands of dollars a year. You can write off expenses related to a certain percentage of your home when that space is used exclusively for your business.

A lot of people find that they are much more productive working at home because they are motivated to work hard for themselves and their families.

Your own business will make you proud of your accomplishments. Your confidence in your own abilities will grow. Your self-esteem will become stronger as you make new decisions and gain experience.

Home Based Business Ideas and Information You Can Use

You might be thinking about looking at home based business ideas that are thoroughly inspirational and the ones that could give you a satisfying experience. Here you need to be careful since any laid-back approach on your part can prove to be disastrous for you. In order to avoid any dissatisfaction and regret, you will need to carry out your research and information gathering aptly before choosing an idea or home business opportunity.Benefits galore:There are plenty of benefits of running your business from home. You are in a position to plan your work schedule according to your convenience and you can decide on your own pay package. There will not be any need to commute long distance to reach the office.You will be able to avail a lot of tax benefits which are available for entrepreneurs. Besides, you will derive a great deal of satisfaction since you will come across a lot of challenges.Be prepared to shoulder responsibilities:It is not that there are no disadvantages of working from home. You may have to shoulder additional responsibilities, like harmonizing your family life and home business, and then there is the risk of financial losses. Therefore, you will need to be very careful when selecting the ideas for a home business so that you will not have to regret for your choices in the future.You will need to complete certain procedures before you start your home venture. It is better if you evaluate all the pros and cons of starting a business. Here is the checklist that you should do before taking a plunge into home business arena.Start counting the money at your disposal:You will need to arrange a sufficient amount of money to fund the initial stages of the business you are planning to start. The funds should be sufficient to tide you over the difficult period which you might face during the course of your business journey. Do not have high and unrealistic expectations as far as returns in the initial period are concerned.While giving shape to your ideas for a home business, you will need to consider each and every eventuality. It is not really advisable to quit your regular job, hang on to it for a while until you have created a backup to sustain your living.Your support system:You may not be able to give sufficient time to your family, especially in the initial period since you will be in the process of establishing your business. This is the time when you will need the moral support of your family and friends. Make them understand that this particular period is crucial for you and your venture.Avoid the distractions:Once you start operating your venture from home, there will be many distractions that may come in the way of your business. You will need to devise some ways and means to stave off these disruptions. Work out a plan to deal with unexpected visitors, trivial household tasks, etc.Believe in what you are going to sell:Your faith in your own products and services is essential to market them effectively. Once you are convinced about their utility you will be able to persuade your potential customers to go for them.Commitment and devotion:Your loyalty and dedication to what you are going to sell is the key to the success of your home venture. You will need to prepare yourself mentally to give proper profile to the home based business Ideas you have chosen.

Home-Based Businesses – Creating Your Work Space

The way you position things around your sitting or standing area for your home based business can spell success or failure in the total performance of your work. Your output is usually affected in small portions either for good or bad simply due to the way things are arranged around your work space. You need to create an intelligent working space around yourself when doing your home based business and it can be a breeze getting it done.Some of the strain that people experience while working at home on their business can usually be traced back to how they have decided to set everything they use on a day to day basis around their work space. Do you know that your stapling machine or simply put stapler may be a big cause of stress and pain for your home business? Even the writing pen or materials you constantly use can be a source of distress if not properly managed and planned.For example, if you are someone who always ship products and services to your customers on a specific day of the month. You may discover that you always work with a schedule that involve the use of calendars and time. Think about a situation where you have three or four calendars in your home based business dedicated working space or room and three different wall clocks plus two other table clocks and one wrist watch. Can you smell the confusion already? That is the whole point.You must be organized so much that you have only what you need around you and not more than you need. To have your brain trained in such a way that it knows where to find some specific things and how often they will probably be needed, you must have a structure that is very simple and easy for your brain to grasp to work with.Using the example above, can you imagine a situation where there is even not a single calendar in your room, and the clock that helps you to know the time for the post man showing up at your door is in the sitting room of your house. So, for you to know how many days you have to get your shipment together and get ready on the day of the shipment, you need to check your calendar each time on the calendar in your phone or from your calendar – you know how tasking that can be in itself, and for the appropriate time to expect the door bell ring, you have to always go to the sitting room to check the time. How distracting can that be in your home based business work space? Very distracting indeed. You said it!Underestimating the importance of making everything you need stand out in their own right within your work space and to make sure the space you called your work space is properly planned will be a high cost you definitely need to avoid. It conclusively mean that, to have a good home based business that you will enjoy and become effective and efficient at, you must set aside a well planned and organized work space that is created solely for the purpose of those basic and fundamental things you do within the work space.There are a whole lot more ideas that can be put to use to make creating your home based business work space a breeze and effective but we will have to save some for other time. You may however be in touch with us for many more ideas and tips before next time. Hope you make a change in your home based business work space today.Thank you for your most precious time for reading and learning through this.

How To Discover Your PERFECT Home Based Business – The 7th Of 7 Keys – Testable At Low Risk

This is the last in a series of seven articles that tell you how to sift through all the home business opportunities you hear about every day, and find the PERFECT home based business for you.What makes an opportunity P.E.R.F.E.C.T.? In the first six articles in this series, we learned that the “P” in PERFECT stands for “Profitable”, the first “E” in PERFECT means “Easy”, the “R” stands for “Real”, the “F” means “Fits With Your Desired Lifestyle”, the second “E” stands for “E-friendly”, and the “C” means “Competitive”.Now, as you and I know, many so-called home business “opportunities” are not really opportunities. They’re not profitable. In fact, some of them will suck money out of your wallet faster than a vacuum. Many are certainly not easy. They’re not real. And, as a business, they can take so much effort that they own you, rather than you owning them. That kind of “all work and no play” makes it very hard for you to achieve the freedom you dream of, and to live the lifestyle you want.Many of these “business opportunities” don’t use the internet effectively and often require you to sell something to your friends and neighbors that they don’t really need. And, many will have you selling the same thing thousands of other people are selling. It’s hard to be competitive that way. Other problems and unpleasant surprises often show up in some of these business opportunities only after you have invested lots of your time and money.If you are finally ready to start making some real money in your own home business and stop throwing your money down the “home business opportunity rat hole”, then test every home based business opportunity to make sure it fits the definition of The P.E.R.F.E.C.T. Home Business, before you invest your time and money.Now, on to the last letter and key in the word “PERFECT”.Key Number Seven:The “T” in PERFECT stands for “Testable At Low Risk”. Who wants to start a business that requires you to spend $50,000 before you know if you will be successful or not? Not me! I always want to minimize my risk and to know quickly what is going to be profitable and what is not.Testable At Low Risk Means:• You can test your business, product, or service idea quickly and inexpensively to see if it is likely to be successful.The PERFECT Home Based Business allows you to test an idea inexpensively, often for less than $100, and almost always for less than $1,000.• Then, when you have some proof of possible success, you can roll out your efforts and invest more money in your business with a much greater comfort level that you will be successful on a larger scale. Don’t go blindly forward, spending all of your available cash on any business idea, without testing, testing, and testing some more first right up front.Now that you know the Seven Keys to a PERFECT home based business, make sure the opportunity you grab hold of has all of the Seven Keys. A business that is PROFITABLE, EASY, and REAL. It FITS WITH YOUR DESIRED LIFESTYLE, is E-FRIENDLY, COMPETITIVE, and is TESTABLE AT LOW RISK.

Online Businesses – One Of The Best Low Cost Home Based Businesses

If you are looking for low cost home based businesses that will allow you to create a substantial income for yourself and to meet your financial needs, whether they be to create an additional stream of income for you, quit your current job or to dramatically improve your current lifestyle.You do not have to look any further than the internet to be able to find plenty of low cost home based businesses that will allow you to meet all of your financial goals.Prior to the invention and development of the internet, for someone to start their own business often meant that they had to save and wait for years until they had enough capital to put down as collateral.Or they had to borrow money from friends, family and other investors or get a bank loan, which was very difficult to do unless you used your home as collateral. And it would often require hundreds of thousands of dollars just to get the business started.In addition you often had to quit any other job you may have had that was proving you with regular income and take a leap of total faith that your business idea would work the very first time and with out fail. Well the sad truth is that rarely did things go as well as those new startup business owners may have expected.And unfortunately because they had everything that they owned and often borrowed money tied up in their failed business venture, they were unable to ever recover and try again with the benefit of hindsight or learning from their mistakes. Fortunately now with the growth of the internet, all of that has change.A person with a good idea or even just a strong enough desire to want to learn and do what it takes to create a successful online business can do so at a friction of what it would have costed in the past.And because your startup cost can often be well under $100.00 there is no need to mortgage your home, take out a small business loan or worry about borrowing money from your friends or family.In addition, because you can often start these low cost home based businesses in your spare time, there is no need for you to quit your current job, until you have reached the point where it is costing you money to keep that job.Some of the best low cost home based businesses also provide you with some of the same benefits as a traditional business and often with a lot less hassle. For example with an online business idea and a small investment of less than $10.00 a year you can a domain, which is considered your online real estate and as such it’s value can increase over time just like real property does.There are many people who make a full time online income just by purchasing the right kind of domains at the right price and then selling them to others. In some cases no additional changes or improvements are needed or made to the domain and it is sold as is.In other cases the content on the domain may need to be updated or replaced and the domain is then re-purposed and sold at a higher price.This is a pretty specialized online business model and does require more specialized knowledge, however here are some low cost home based businesses that almost anyone can start and operate with a budget of $25.00 or even less:1.) Affiliate Marketing – This is seen by many as one of the best first time business owner opportunities because it has such a low startup cost and such a high upside potential. In many cases you can get started by investing less than $10.00 per year to purchase a domain and then another $10.00 or less per month for hosting and you can start a business that has the potential to make you hundreds of thousands of dollars per year.2.) Freelancing Your Expertise – If you already have a skill or ability that you are good at or would like to be good at then you can get your own domain to host a blog or website and promote your services to others. This can be a very profitable and cost effect way to operate one of the best low cost home based businesses for you.3.) Fill A Gap In The Market Place – If you know of some product or service that people would love and that you could make money with, then getting your own website and promoting that product or service could lead to you making a lot of money in a very short period of time.These are just a few of the endless possibilities that are available to you as a result of investing in online low cost home based businesses. The best thing to do is to start by investing in one idea and keep learning and growing as you progress.

The Quest For Affordable Small Business Health Insurance

Studies have consistently shown that small businesses are much less likely to provide health insurance to their employees than larger companies. Indeed, the smaller the business, the less likely it is to offer health insurance benefits. As recently as 2003, about 50% of the uninsured in the United States were either self-employed or worked for companies with less than 26 employees.The main reason for this disparity is cost. Health insurance for small businesses is typically more expensive than for larger companies (on a per employee basis) because it is more difficult for insurance companies to accurately predict the average cost of medical care for a small group. That is, risk is greater for insurance companies for small businesses since small businesses have fewer employees to spread the risk of health claims. It only takes one employee with significant health claims to have a significant impact on the overall costs for the group insurance. This is also the reason why small businesses do not self-insure; the financial risk is simply too great for the majority of small businesses.So what can a small business do if it wants to offer health insurance to its employees? Often they have no choice but to pay the premiums. More often than not they will split the cost of premiums with their employees, typically 50/50. Unfortunately, these small business health insurance plans are not only quite expensive, but also include significant deductibles and co-payments for the employees.Small businesses can sometimes reduce their health insurance costs by either joining or forming a purchasing cooperative to negotiate better rates and benefits from companies offering small business health insurance. Depending on the type of business, professional organizations can also offer better health insurance rates to small businesses.In their search for affordable health insurance, small businesses should obtain multiple quotes before deciding on any one small group plan. One of the best places to start the process is online. By using the Internet, within a very short period of time, small business owners can access dozens of quotes from several insurance companies, making comparison of various plans much easier.Of course, as a small business owner, if you are not comfortable shopping for your small business health insurance on the Internet, look for a good health insurance broker. If possible, interview more than one broker, and ask your peers for recommendations.In order to remain competitive in the labor market, small businesses need to be able to offer health insurance benefits for their employees. This is not always easy as cost can be a limiting factor. With some effort, however, small business owners can find affordable small business health insurance. Joining buying cooperatives or professional organizations, using the Internet (probably the most convenient), or contacting a health insurance broker can be effective ways to begin the challenging process of securing affordable small business health insurance.

Home Based Business – What’s With It?

Thinking of Joining a MLM Home Based Business?

If so, it can be an extremely lucrative home business opportunity for you. But you must know precisely, what you are getting into, is truthfully an MLM home business or something else. It might be a rip off waiting to ambush you.

Plus, you have to weigh out the pro’s and con’s of an home business beforehand, you make your mind up that if it is the right business for you.

Make certain you are in fact getting involved in a justifiable home business.

An MLM home based business involves directly promoting a products or services, through the suggestion or approval of a independent spokesperson.

If you are the spokesperson, you obtain a commission on any sales that came from your sponsorship.

Be aware of that the majority of products sold through an home-bare not essentially marketed through mainstream media or in stores.

The perplex part of determining if your MLM home business is authentic can be quite tricky because there are a number of pyramid schemes out there that are slightly similar to a genuine MLM home business model.

Keep in mind, a pyramid scheme is unlawful, and getting caught up in one can cause you more problem than you can conceivably imagine.

You will have to do your investigation into the home based business that you are considering so that you are sure thats the kind of home based business you are going to operate is suitable and authorized

More often than not, if your investment is proportioned to the product or service you are selling; your home business is legitimate.

There are a number of rewards to having an home based business.

First of all, you will be working from home, where you can practically set your own hours, which is most likely why you are considering an home business in the first place.

In addition, you won’t have to create any products, because you are typically selling things that are previously made. The home business will generally come with a preset promotion plan.

Scores of people go through the process of determining the most efficient methods for marketing their products, but with an home based business, you are at ease of that hassle.

The disadvantage of having your own home based business, though, depends on your personality.

If you have proficient leadership skills and are self-starter, then an home based business will create a slight adversity to you.

However, if recruiting and promoting gives you hives, then starting and sustaining an home based business may be more of a challenge, since your success depends on your aptitude to create a down-line of recruits.

But then, having your own home business means that you can live out your vision of being your own superior and having flexibility in your work schedule.

You do not require any prior knowledge, and you can rely on your persona to enlist and maintain your down-line.

Do your research,and make sure your home business is a official business. This way, you can truly enjoy the freedom and the profits that the MLM home based business offer.

History and Developments in Internet Advertising

Internet advertising is growing at a rapid pace, and is growing faster than any of the traditional methods. Even though it has been around since 1994, and is 18 years old, Internet advertising has gained immense popularity, and today it has become a necessity for every business owner to use it as a means of advertising, promoting and selling their products and services online. Let us take a look at the history and developments in Internet advertising that took place in these 18 years.

History of Internet advertising:

• Internet advertising or online advertising started in the year 1994.

• In mid 1990s, when the Internet was new to people, there was a misconception that it is only useful to the scientists and students who are pursuing computer related academics.

• The Internet became very common and easily available to people during 1996 and 1997. Then, slowly people started understanding that, the Internet can also be used in various ways.

• In 1994, HotWired first sold spaces on its website for advertisements to many businesses. This was the start of the Internet advertising.

• Advertisers began buying spaces on the popular websites where their company’s brand would get noticed by the visitors.

• Number of websites started growing in thousands and millions, and advertisers felt that it was not good to stick to one popular website. Then the advertisers started buying spaces from many popular websites, and made their brands visible to many audiences.

Developments in Internet advertising:

• During early 2000s, Internet users started identifying the benefits of commercial services on the Internet. This lead to the craze of having a website for businesses/organization, so that the presence of their company is felt in the Internet.

• Since the start of Internet advertising, there was a constant growth till 1998 ($1.9 billion in annual revenue). But there was a huge growth in 1999 ($7.6 billion in annual revenue) and the momentum is still continuing. The revenue is increasing every year.

• But the companies were not sure whether the user would visit the company’s website directly. Then came the concept of “banners” or “banner ads”.

• A banner is a small note located at one side of the website with some information and link to the company’s website. When clicked on that link, the user goes directly to the company’s website.

• Internet advertising actually got noticed by the common people in 2007 with the help of Google. Google in 2007, brought a revolution of Internet advertising.

• As years passed on, developments in technology and animation advertisements increased, where the use of technologies like flash player, etc. came into existence.

• Animated advertisements are small videos or movies that attract the user easily.

• Animated advertisements make banner ads more lively and attractive.

• After 2010, with the introduction of smart phones and advanced mobile phones in the market, it became easier for businesses to promote their products/services to the people. These high end phones provided access to the Internet, and this is how Internet advertising market grew further.

• Social networking sites made targeted audiences closer to the companies and the interaction between them has become more simple.

Online advertising has become a global phenomenon, and in the years to come, there are a lot of surprises in store that will make online advertising platform easier to use.

The Finer Points of Internet Auctions

WHAT IS A PENNY AUCTION?

Penny auctions have exploded in popularity with the massive growth of the internet. However, few people know the true origins of penny auctions.Beginnings actually stretch back to the Great Depression. Those were hard times for everyone, but even harder for farmers. Farmers struggled to bring in steady income because of droughts and crops not selling as well as they had previously. As a result, the banks would foreclose on the farmers who couldn’t keep up with their mortgage payments.

The banks weren’t satisfied with just repossessing the house, they wanted to raise as much capital as possible, so they resorted to selling off the possessions of the owners of the repossessed houses. There was not much the farmers could do about it so they began bidding ridiculously low prices, pennies, on the items while threatening others who dared to bid higher than a few pennies.

The auctions of today hardly resemble their tremulous beginnings. Being part of a penny auction today is exhilarating, fun, and addictive. It combines the selling format of auctioning with a little bit of chance factored in.Auctions are a game of strategy but also a game of luck.

The premise behind penny auctions is giving people the chance to win an item at a drastically reduced price.Auctions make that possible by spreading out the cost of the product among multiple bidders. In order for a person to take part in an auction, they must pay a set price for each bid. For example, if a person wanted to bid on a fifty dollar Amazon gift card then he would spend a dollar for each time a bid placed. If he ended up winning the gift card, then he would only have spent a few dollars for a fifty dollar gift card. Usually penny auctions sell bids in packages.

HOW PENNY AUCTIONS WORK!

The main foundation of penny auctions is the pay-per-bid format. It is the key that allows bidders to win items at the fraction of their retail value and allows the auction owners to keep their site profitable. Most y auction sites run on the same premise: people pay a set amount for each bid, whenever a person places a bid within the closing seconds of the auction time will be added, the last person left with a unique bid after the clocks runs out will win the item. There are a large variety of items that can be won, but they tend to be popular electronics or gift cards to popular stores.

There are two types of auctions: lowest unique bid auction and highest unique bid auction. Lowest unique auction sounds confusing but it is actually quite simple. A unique bid is when only one person has a bid at a certain price. Bids usually start at one penny, a bidder can then place a bid at two pennies. Until another bidder places a higher bid, the most recent bidder will be the lowest unique bid because that was the only bid at two cents and nobody bid higher. However, penny auctions generally don’t stop at one penny. It is not uncommon to find auctions that end up at a couple hundred dollars based on the popularity of the item being auctioned. However, the same principles apply for those auctions. Highest unique bid auctions follow the more traditional auction format such as eBay. The person with the highest bid at the end of the auction wins the item.

Auction site owners turn a profit by selling bids. Say twenty people are bidding on a ten dollar gift card at one dollar per bid, at the end of the auction if there were twenty bids placed in total then the site owner would have made twenty dollars with a ten dollar profit.Auctions do seem like a win-win situation:The site owner makes money while the bidder gets an item for dirt cheap. However, not everyone wins in penny auctions. The people who paid one dollar each bid but left with nothing to show for their investments will not be so happy.

HOW TO WIN!

Penny auction has a lot of chance mixed into it, but one can incorporate strategy that will help raise the chances of winning. Playing smart can make all the difference between gambling and auctioning.

The first crucial tip to winning penny auctions is to know how to manage your bids. Your goal should be to win as much as possible without spending a ton of money buying bids. Managing your bids means that you should already know how much you are willing to risk in order to win an item. The amount of capital you are willing to risk will determine how many bids you can use. Once you know how many bids you have to spend on an item, then you will be better able to manage how and when you place a bid. That will keep you from blowing away all of your bids in the first few seconds of the auction.

The next tip is to practice time management. When fighting in the trenches of penny auctions, you have two enemies: other bidders and time. Knowing when to bid is a must if you want to have success. Placing a bid when there is a lot of time left on the clock is never a good idea. You have to remember that the key to winning a penny auction is being the last one standing when the clock runs out and that each bid increases the amount of time left. It would be a good practice to wait until the last few minutes of the auction before you begin to bid.

The final tip for successful auctioning is to keep your emotions under control.Auctions have a lot of similarities to gambling, and just like gambling, your spending can get out of control. If you keep your emotions level, it will keep you from making rash decisions and blowing loads of cash. Keep your mind clear so that you can gage the behavior of the other bidders and outsmart them.

HOW TO AVOID SCAM SITES!

Penny auctions are a great addition to the web whether you want to win an item that otherwise you wouldn’t be able to afford or if you simply enjoy the thrill that comes with bidding in auctions. Unfortunately, scam sites have tarnished the reputation of the legitimate penny auction sites. However, there are ways that you can protect yourself from scamers and enjoy your auctioning without having to worry about losing your money due to dishonesty.

Checking the reputation of the auction site before you start spending your hard earned money is always a good idea. Chances are other people have tried the site before you and some of them have left reviews. The reviews are your way to gage whether a auction site is trustworthy or not. If a site is getting overwhelmingly negative reviews, then that is a clear indication that you should steer your business elsewhere.

Another tool you can use to protect yourself is checking the Alexia ranks of the auction sites. Alexia rank will give a solid view of how much traffic the auction is getting. If you see a huge difference in the amount of traffic Alexia is projecting and the amount of active bidders on the site, then warning signals should be ringing in your head. Some auction sites have been known to set up robots that automatically bid on projects in order to keep the auction going and inflate the price. That is known as shill bidding. You can sniff out those sites by comparing the traffic the site should be getting to the amount of users using this site.

CONCLUSION!

New legislation may come out later down the road that will officially make penny auctions gambling, but until then, it is a fun, exciting auction that allows one to win the item they’ve always wanted but couldn’t afford.Auctions are also quite lucrative for the site owners because of the pay-per-bid strategy they’ve incorporated. Penny auctions had humble beginnings with farmers who just wanted to get back at the banks who kicked them out of their house. More recently, auctions have enjoyed an explosion in popularity with the rise of the internet.

There are two main formats fora auctions, lowest and highest unique auction, however they both run on the same premise where the last unique bid wins the item. Winning a penny auction will require a certain amount of mental tactic and a bit of luck. However, you can increase your odds of winning by practicing certain techniques such as managing your bids wisely, learning how to work with the time, and keeping a level head and your emotions under control. When you combine those three strategies to your bidding plan, you will find that you win a lot more often.

It is important that you do your due diligence to protect yourself when participating in auctions. Not every auction is run by honest and trustworthy people. There are people out there who just want to take your money. You can protect yourself by ensuring that you only bid on sites that already have a very positive reputation from real users.


iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us